Urbanization and Economic Development in Indonesia: Demographic Perspectives Analysis

Mustafa Elnagi Elsamani Hassan (Department of Population and Human Studies, Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences, Khartoum University, Sudan)
Agus Joko Pitoyo (Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta)

Jurnal Populasi
Vol 25, No 2 (2017)

The level of urbanization has increased from 17.2% to 49.7% in the last three decades. The urbanization process in Java is occurring more dramatically and rapidly compared to that in outer Java. There is a growing trend of urbanization in the Java Islands, where the level of urbanization has increased from 11.55% to 33.64% in 1971-2010. The ratio of urban population of all the provinces in Indonesia was greater than 20% in 2010 exclude East Nusa Tenggara. There is a strong positive relationship between the level of regional economic development and level of urbanization. Evaluation of urbanization can be improved from two aspects: first, the forward conditions of urbanization can be analyzed, such as the number of non-farm jobs, infrastructure level and the supply capacity of public services. Second, the forward effects of urbanization should be comprehensively evaluated, including economic, social, and environmental sustainability.