<![CDATA[This study was motivated by the low level of students’ creative thinking skills and self-efficacy in Civic Education subjects at SMKN 9 Bengkulu Utara. Learning activities that are still teacher-centered cause students to be less active in developing ideas, thinking critically, and having confidence in their own abilities. Therefore, learning models that can facilitate students’ active involvement are needed, one of which is collaborative and inquiry learning models. This study aimed to determine the differences in students’ creative thinking skills and self-efficacy taught using collaborative learning models, inquiry learning models, and conventional learning methods in Civic Education subjects for grade XI students at SMKN 9 Bengkulu Utara. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population consisted of all grade XI students of SMKN 9 Bengkulu Utara in the 2025/2026 academic year, totaling 89 students, all of whom were selected as research samples using the total sampling technique. Data were collected through creative thinking skill tests and self-efficacy questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and One-Way ANOVA tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference in students’ creative thinking skills among collaborative learning, inquiry learning, and conventional learning models, with a significance value of 0.161 > 0.05. However, descriptively, the inquiry learning model obtained a higher average score compared to the collaborative learning model. In addition, there was no significant difference in students’ self-efficacy among collaborative learning, inquiry learning, and conventional learning models, with a significance value of 0.189 > 0.05. Descriptively, the collaborative learning model showed a higher average self-efficacy score compared to other models, although the difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that collaborative, inquiry, and conventional learning models have relatively similar effects on students’ creative thinking skills and self-efficacy in Civic Education subjects for grade XI students at SMKN 9 Bengkulu Utara.]]>
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