<![CDATA[This study aims to develop an e-book as a teaching material for HSK 3 Mandarin adjectives to help students better understand and use adjectives in Mandarin. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4-D model, which consists of four stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The participants in this study were Mandarin teachers and students. Data were collected through interviews, a teaching material needs analysis questionnaire, material expert validation questionnaires, design expert validation questionnaires, pretest and posttest, and teacher and student practicality questionnaires. The data collected included both qualitative and quantitative data. The research instruments used were interviews and questionnaires. The validity results showed that the developed e-book received an average score of 4.7 from the material expert, which was categorized as "very valid," and an average score of 4.8 from the design expert, which was also categorized as "very valid." The practicality results showed that the e-book received an average score of 4.6 from the teacher, categorized as "very practical," and an average score of 4.2 from the students, also categorized as "very practical." Therefore, the HSK 3 Mandarin adjective e-book developed in this study has a very high level of validity and practicality, making it suitable for use as teaching material in Mandarin language learning.]]>
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