JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH
Vol. 9 No. 4 (2026): August 2026 (1)

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSETS DENGAN SALES GROWTH SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2022-2024

Nida Nur Cahyati (STIE YKPN Business School Yogyakarta)
Baldric Siregar (STIE YKPN Business School Yogyakarta)
Miswanto Miswanto (STIE YKPN Business School Yogyakarta)
Frasto Biyanto (STIE YKPN Business School Yogyakarta)



Article Info

Publish Date
06 Aug 2026

Abstract

Abstact: This paper explores how capital structure, together with firm size, shapes Return on Assets (ROA) among Indonesian property and real estate issuers, treating sales growth as a moderator, across the 2022-2024 window on the IDX. A quantitative, secondary-data design was followed, drawing figures from annual financial statements. Purposive sampling narrowed the pool down to 74 firms, yielding 222 firm-year observations for estimation. The Fixed Effect Model (FEM), chosen through the Chow and Hausman diagnostics, was fitted via panel regression, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) tested whether sales growth altered the strength of the core relationships. Capital structure emerged as a positive, statistically significant driver of ROA, while firm size showed no such link. Sales growth dampened the capital structure-ROA connection but amplified the firm size-ROA connection instead. Collectively, the pattern points to disciplined debt use, productive asset deployment, and steady sales expansion as joint levers of corporate profitability.  Keywords: capital structure; firm size; return on assets; sales growth; profitability.   Abstrak: Kajian ini disusun guna menelaah bagaimana ROA dipengaruhi oleh struktur modal serta ukuran perusahaan, dengan sales growth berperan sebagai variabel moderasi, pada emiten property dan real estate yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia sepanjang periode 2022-2024. Pendekatan kuantitatif diterapkan dengan mengandalkan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan. Melalui teknik purposive sampling, terjaring 74 perusahaan yang menyumbang 222 observasi untuk dianalisis. Estimasi model ditempuh lewat regresi data panel berbasis Fixed Effect Model (FEM), yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman, sementara oeran moderasi sales growth diuji melalui Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Temuan menunjukkan struktur modal memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA, sementara ukuran perusahaan tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan. Sales growth justru memperlemah keterkaitan struktur modal dengan ROA, tetapi sebaliknya memperkuat keterkaitan ukuran perusahaan dengan ROA. Dengan demikian, pengelolaan utang secara optimal, pemanfaatan aset secara efektif, dan pertumbuhan penjualan yang berkesinambungan Bersama-sama berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan profitabilitas perusahaan.  Kata kunci: struktur modal; ukuran perusahaan; return on assets; sales growth; profitabilitas.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JSSR

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

Description

Journal of Science and Social Research is accepts research works from academicians in their respective expertise of studies. Journal of Science and Social Research is platform to disclose the research abilities and promote quality and excellence of young researchers and experienced thoughts towards ...