<![CDATA[Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Adverse environmental conditions within households, including inadequate lighting, elevated humidity, insufficient ventilation, and overcrowding, have been identified as factors that may elevate the risk of tuberculosis transmission. Methods: This study employed an analytic observational approach with a case–control design in the Perumnas Simalingkar Public Health Center area of Medan, Indonesia. A total of 128 participants were included: 64 pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 64 controls, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved direct observation and measurement of housing environmental conditions using a lux meter, a hygrometer, and a roll meter, in accordance with the Indonesian Ministry of Health's healthy housing standards. Result: The variables assessed were lighting, humidity, ventilation area, and housing density. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test (significance level p < 0.05) and Odds Ratio (OR) to estimate risk. The findings indicated that all assessed housing environmental factors were significantly associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Specifically, inadequate lighting (p=0.002; OR=3.477), unsuitable humidity (p=0.005; OR=3.151), insufficient ventilation area (p=0.007; OR=2.943), and overcrowded housing density (p=0.007; OR=2.943) were significantly linked to increased risk. Conclusion: These results underscore that poor housing environmental conditions contribute to the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis.]]>
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