<![CDATA[A connected criminal case arises when an offence is jointly committed by persons subject to the general and military court jurisdictions. This study examines the relationship between criminal participation and the connected-case mechanism and formulates a settlement model following the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code. The study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Primary legal materials consist of relevant legislation and judicial decisions, while secondary materials include journal articles, books, and legal doctrines; tertiary materials are used only to assist terminology searches. The study finds that participation constitutes the substantive basis for identifying each offender’s role and criminal liability, whereas connected jurisdiction constitutes a procedural mechanism for determining the forum and procedure when offenders fall under different jurisdictions. The new Criminal Procedure Code establishes the general court as the primary forum, simplifies joint investigation, and strengthens coordination between public prosecutors and military prosecutors. However, inconsistencies with Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Justice remain a normative gap. This study proposes objective parameters for determining the predominant harm and a seven-stage coordination model covering offender identification, investigation, forum determination, prosecution, trial, and execution of judgment. The novelty lies in synthesising the new Criminal Procedure Code, the harmonisation problem with military procedural law, and operational parameters for determining the connected-case forum.]]>
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