<![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using concrete manipulative media in improving the understanding of number operations and basic arithmetic among students with physical disabilities in a public special education school in Serang, Banten. This study employed a classroom action research (CAR) approach based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, comprising planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were three students with physical disabilities who were struggling to grasp number concepts and basic arithmetic. The study was conducted over two cycles, each consisting of two sessions. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the students' ability to analyze number symbols, work with concrete objects, and perform simple subtraction. The students' average proficiency fell into the "developing" category in Cycle I and advanced to the "developing as expected" category in Cycle II. The use of concrete manipulative media effectively enhanced motivation, understanding of mathematical concepts, and the engagement of students with physical disabilities. The study's implications indicate that a hands-on approach utilizing concrete objects is highly relevant for adaptive mathematics education for students with special needs.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
