SAKAGURU: Journal of Pedagogy and Creative Teacher
Vol 3 No 2 (2026): November 2026 | SAKAGURU: Journal of Pedagogy and Creative Teacher

Decentering Dominant English Norms: Multilingual Teachers’ Ideological Shifts and Challenges Toward EIL-Aware Assessment and Instruction

Marife R. Waje (Tarlac State University)



Article Info

Publish Date
25 Aug 2026

Abstract

English language education in multilingual settings continues to be influenced by native-speaker-centered norms, even as English increasingly functions as a shared international resource. This explanatory sequential mixed methods study examined multilingual English teachers’ ideological shifts toward English as an International Language (EIL)-aware assessment and instruction, the challenges they encountered in decentering dominant English norms, and the demographic factors associated with these outcomes. The quantitative phase involved 31 multilingual English teachers from selected public secondary schools in Tarlac Province, Philippines; 12 respondents were subsequently selected for semi-structured interviews through purposeful maximum variation sampling. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and Pearson correlation were used for the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for the qualitative strand. Teachers demonstrated a high overall level of EIL-aware ideological shift (M = 3.81, SD = 0.51), with instruction receiving the highest mean (M = 4.05). Challenges were moderate (M = 2.87, SD = 1.22). Teaching position, professional training, educational attainment, and years of teaching significantly influenced ideological shifts, while age and several professional variables influenced perceived challenges. Ideological shifts were strongly and negatively related to challenges (r = -0.721, p < .001). Four qualitative themes emerged: English as a global and shared language, multilingualism as pedagogical strength, negotiating native-speaker norms, and teacher identity as multilingual facilitator. Integration of the findings produced a Decentered English Instruction Framework for inclusive, multilingual, and context-responsive English education.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

sakaguru

Publisher

Subject

Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

Description

Journal of SAKAGURU: Journal of Pedagogy and Creative Teacher is a double-blind peer-review and open access journal that focuses on various aspects of education. The journal aims to discuss and develop knowledge within the scope of: 1) Social Science Education; 2) Natural Science Education; 3) ...