<![CDATA[Purpose of the study: This study aimed to develop a Teams Games Tournament (TGT)-based Biology Snakes and Ladders (ULTABI) learning media on the Human Musculoskeletal System and to evaluate its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ critical thinking skills. Methodology: The study employed a 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The research participants consisted of 20 eleventh-grade science students at Al-Wardah Educational Foundation Madrasah Aliyah. The research instruments included a needs-analysis questionnaire, media and materials expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and a critical-thinking skills test based on Facione's critical-thinking indicators. The data were analyzed descriptively using percentage analysis and the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) test. Main Findings: The results showed that the ULTABI learning media achieved a very high level of validity, with scores of 93.18% from media experts and 86.90% from material experts. The media was also rated as very practical by both teachers (97.70%) and students (88.70%). The effectiveness test revealed a significant improvement in students’ critical thinking skills, with the average score increasing from 39.65 on the pre-test to 91.30 on the post-test, resulting in an N-Gain score of 0.845, which falls into the high category. Among the critical thinking indicators, interpretation achieved the highest score, whereas evaluation showed the lowest achievement. Novelty/Originality of this study: The Teams Games Tournament (TGT)-based ULTABI learning media is proven to be valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills on the topic of the Human Musculoskeletal System.]]>
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