<![CDATA[This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the manual filing system at SMA Negeri 23 Konawe Selatan and to identify the main challenges in archival management. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Data were collected from the principal, administrative staff, and teachers. The main findings indicate that although the manual filing system helps maintain document completeness, it remains inefficient due to the absence of standard operating procedures (SOPs), limited facilities, and low administrative staff skills. The retrieval process is time-consuming and poses a risk of losing important data. The study recommends implementing a hybrid filing system (manual–digital) supported by clear SOPs, staff training, and gradual digitization of records. The results are expected to serve as a foundation for developing more efficient and sustainable archival management policies within the educational environment.]]>
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