<![CDATA[This study examines cross-national perspectives on inclusive education services by comparing policy frameworks and implementation practices in Indonesia, Portugal, and Mozambique. Although inclusive education is a global priority, comparative research on service structures across diverse socio-economic contexts remains limited. Using a qualitative comparative design, thematic analysis was conducted on 28 policy documents, international reports, and empirical studies across the three countries. Four themes emerged: policy framework, human resources, infrastructure, and service delivery. Portugal demonstrates a highly institutionalised and coordinated system supported by multidisciplinary teams. Indonesia shows substantial policy development but uneven implementation, particularly in human resources and infrastructure. Mozambique faces significant structural constraints, including limited funding and professional capacity. The findings indicate that effective inclusive education services depend not only on policy commitment but also on system-level capacity, particularly adequate resources, coordination, and professional support. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening implementation capacity to achieve sustainable and equitable inclusive education across diverse national contexts.]]>
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