<![CDATA[Background: Chrononutrition has emerged as a novel approach in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), emphasizing the role of meal timing in metabolic regulation, particularly during the night when circadian misalignment may impair glucose metabolism.Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the role of night-time nutritional strategies, including late dinner timing, bedtime snacks, and time-restricted eating, in glycemic control among patients with T2DM.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using a structured literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2025, including studies involving adult patients with T2DM or dysglycemia that reported glycemic outcomes. This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261364294).Results: Current evidence suggests that late-night eating is associated with poorer glycemic control and higher HbA1c levels, potentially related to reduced insulin sensitivity during the evening. Bedtime snacks demonstrate heterogeneous effects, with low-carbohydrate, protein-rich snacks potentially improving nocturnal glucose stability in selected individuals, although overall evidence remains inconsistent. Time-restricted eating shows promising metabolic benefits, particularly when aligned with daytime eating patterns, but current evidence is limited by short study duration and small sample sizes. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that night-time nutritional strategies may influence glycemic regulation in T2DM through interactions with circadian rhythms and hepatic glucose metabolism. Given the heterogeneity of findings and limitations of existing studies, individualized nutritional approaches should be considered.]]>
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