<![CDATA[The increasing use of social media has created new challenges for adolescents in maintaining an authentic sense of self. Continuous pressure to meet online expectations and seek social validation may contribute to self-alienation, yet no validated instrument has been specifically developed to assess this construct among Indonesian adolescents. This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Alienation in Online Spaces among Adolescents scale based on Seeman's theory of alienation. The instrument consisted of 44 items representing five dimensions: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation, and self-estrangement, using a four-point Likert scale. Content validity was evaluated through expert judgment using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Internal consistency was examined in a pilot study involving 30 adolescents, while construct validity was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with data collected from 172 adolescents aged 14–18 years who actively used social media. The findings demonstrated excellent content validity, acceptable internal consistency, and satisfactory construct validity across all dimensions. These results indicate that the instrument is suitable for measuring self-alienation in online environments among Indonesian adolescents and provides a useful tool for future research on adolescent psychological well-being and digital behaviour.]]>
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