<![CDATA[This research examines Zambia’s economic dependence as a form of Cina’s economic dominance through foreign aid (loans and investments) between 2018 and 2022. The study is motivated by concerns over a pattern of neo-imperialism in Cina-Africa relations. The aim is to describe how Cina's foreign aid flows including debt and infrastructure investment generate economic dependency in Zambia. This descriptive qualitative study collects data through literature review. Findings show that Zambia’s external debt to Cina reached approximately USD 6.6 billion in 2021, with about 70% allocated to basic infrastructure projects. Major Chinese investments include the Kafue Gorge Power Station and public infrastructure supported by the Forum on Cina-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). Socially, the study highlights labor rights violations by Chinese companies, such as hazardous working conditions and anti-union practices. Theoretically, this study employs the dependency theory and foreign aid concept to analyze asymmetrical power dynamics embedded in Cina’s economic relations. The study concludes that Chinese foreign aid increases Zambia’s debt burden and deepens its economic dependence, reflecting asymmetric power relations.]]>
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