This study proposes a conceptual framework examining the role of indigenous governance systems in shaping inclusive public policy. It responds to a persistent gap between two parallel bodies of literature: studies of indigenous governance, rooted in legal anthropology and postcolonial scholarship, and studies of inclusive public policy, developed within mainstream political science and public administration. The framework identifies three core principles of indigenous governance, namely relational authority, deliberative consensus, and intergenerational collective responsibility, and translates them into policy design elements through a cumulative three-stage progression consisting of recognition, integration, and co-governance. This progression illustrates how indigenous involvement in policymaking can evolve from symbolic acknowledgment toward substantive, shared decision-making authority. The framework carries implications for policy design, institutional structures, bureaucratic capacity, and transition strategies, supported by empirical evidence from diverse governance contexts. As a conceptual contribution, this framework offers both a theoretical lens grounded in indigenous epistemology and a practical map for designing and evaluating inclusive public policy in culturally plural societies.
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