Rainfall Variability and Rice Production under Climate Change: Empirical Evidence and Climate-Smart Adaptation in Bogor Regency, Indonesia

Santosa Pradana Putra Setya Negara (Faculty of Informatics, Technology, and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun)
Rhavida Anniza Andyani (Faculty of Informatics, Technology, and Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Madiun)
Ni Putu Vida Indriani (Faculty of Applied Science and Tecknology, Universitas Bali International Muhammadiyah)
Akmil Asril (Faculty of Applied Science and Tecknology, Universitas Bali International Muhammadiyah)
Lucas Nathaniel Tan (School of Science and Technology, James Cook University)
Lucas Adrian Lee (School of Science and Technology, James Cook University)
Somsak Phommasone (Faculty of Agriculture and Forest Resources, Souphanouvong University)

Jurnal Penelitian Sains Teknologi
Vol. 3, No 1, January 2027

Climate variability poses a growing challenge to rice production in Indonesia due to changes in rainfall patterns, water availability, and the increasing occurrence of extreme climatic events. This study aims to examine the relationship between rainfall variability and rice production and to identify climate-adaptation strategies for strengthening agricultural resilience. A qualitative approach combining a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), comparative analysis, and secondary-data analysis was employed. The literature review followed the PRISMA 2020 framework and synthesized 30 selected scientific studies, including three key studies used as principal synthesis sources. Secondary data on annual rainfall, ENSO conditions, harvested area, and rice production in Bogor Regency were analyzed for the 2018–2024 period.