<![CDATA[The gap in labor force participation between men and women in North Sumatra remains persistent, while studies examining the determinants of women’s labor force participation rates at the district/city level using a simultaneous approach that considers both empowerment and health dimensions remain limited. This study aims to analyze the effects of women’s educational attainment, wages, and fertility on the female labor force participation rate (LFPR) in North Sumatra from 2018 to 2024. The method used is panel data regression analysis employing the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) across 33 districts and cities, utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency. The results show that, taken together, all three variables have a significant effect on women’s LFP, with an adjusted R-squared of 93.2 percent. When analyzed individually, educational attainment has a positive and significant effect, while women’s wages and fertility have negative and significant effects on women’s LFP. These findings indicate the need for integrated policies that include improving access to education, fertility control, the provision of childcare facilities, and the creation of formal jobs that align with women’s aspirations to promote more optimal economic participation by women in North Sumatra.]]>
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