<![CDATA[Aquatic learning is an important component of Physical Education because it develops water adaptation, breathing control, balance, movement coordination, and fundamental aquatic skills while promoting water safety. However, preliminary observations and needs analysis at SMAN 1 Kasui identified several challenges, including limited swimming facilities, low student confidence in aquatic activities, inadequate fundamental aquatic skills, and limited opportunities for engaging and safe learning activities. This study aimed to develop and conduct an initial appraisal of game-based aquatic learning models for Grade X Physical Education using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) framework. This educational Research and Development (R&D) study involved 60 Grade X students in the needs analysis, 58 students in a limited field trial, two Physical Education teachers, and three expert validators. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, expert appraisal instruments, and five-point Likert-scale questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using percentage scores, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, categorization, and interpretation. The development process initially produced eight game-based aquatic learning prototypes. Following expert appraisal and revision, five models were retained for limited field implementation, while three prototypes required major redesign. Domain-level expert appraisal scores were 92% for Physical Education pedagogy, 88% for aquatic content and safety, and 84% for instructional media. Teacher and student practicality scores were 94.0% and 92.4%, respectively. These findings indicate that the five developed game-based aquatic learning models received positive expert appraisal and user practicality responses and may serve as preliminary instructional resources for Grade X Physical Education. Further studies involving larger and more diverse samples and controlled designs are needed to examine their effectiveness and broader applicability.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
