<![CDATA[This study aimed to develop and validate Canva-based audio-visual learning media integrated with Problem-Based Learning (PBL) syntax to improve students’ understanding of social norms and their ability to express opinions in civic education. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The developed media was validated by four experts and subsequently tested using a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 40 seventh-grade students. The findings showed that the media achieved an average expert validation score of 92.02%, indicating that it was highly valid. Its practicality was rated highly practical by both teachers (98.33%) and students (94.38%). Students’ learning outcomes improved significantly, with the mean score increasing from 62.45 on the pretest to 86.10 on the posttest (N-Gain = 0.63, moderate category; t(39) = -30.47, p < .05; Cohen’s d = 3.72), while student activity reached 97.50%. These findings imply that Canva-based multimedia integrated with PBL provides a replicable technology-based instructional alternative for strengthening conceptual understanding and students’ opinion-expression skills in civic education.]]>
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