<![CDATA[This article examines the limits of Anti-Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (Anti-SLAPP) protection and its relationship with judicial independence in environmental law enforcement in Indonesia. The central issue is how protection for environmental defenders can be implemented effectively without becoming an absolute immunity that eliminates the judiciary's function of adjudicating cases. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, case, and limited comparative approaches. The findings show that Article 66 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management provides a substantive basis for protection, while Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2023 and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 10 of 2024 have begun to establish operational mechanisms. Constitutional Court Decision No. 119/PUU-XXIII/2025 broadens the protected subjects from a formulation previously perceived as limited to victims and/or complainants to every person, including witnesses, experts, activists, and other parties participating in environmental protection. This article argues that the limits of Anti-SLAPP protection should be formulated through a threshold test encompassing a causal nexus with public participation, environmental public interest, indications of retaliation, good faith, and the principles of necessity and proportionality. Under this framework, Anti-SLAPP does not conflict with judicial independence; rather, it operates as a corrective mechanism to prevent the courts from being used to suppress public participation.]]>
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