<![CDATA[This study aims to develop and implement an ESP32-based flood monitoring and early warning system capable of monitoring water level changes in real time. The system utilizes an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure water levels, an OLED display for data visualization, and a buzzer along with smartphone notifications through Alarm Manager as early warning mechanisms. The research employed an experimental method consisting of hardware and software design, system programming using Arduino IDE, and performance testing using an aquarium model with water level variations ranging from 0 to 21 cm and an initial sensor to water surface distance of 5 cm. Water levels were classified into three conditions: Safe (19-21 cm), Warning (15-18 cm and 11-14 cm), and Danger (7-10 cm and 0-6 cm). The experimental results demonstrate that the ultrasonic sensor was able to detect water level changes consistently and reliably. Although an average measurement difference of 4,92 cm was observed compared to manual measurements, this discrepancy can be minimized through software calibration. Furthermore, the integrated warning system, consisting of a buzzer and smartphone notifications, performed effectively, with warning and danger alerts being delivered approximately one second after water level changes were detected. These findings indicate that the proposed system is capable of monitoring water levels and providing automatic real-time flood early warnings, making it a promising solution for flood risk mitigation and disaster preparedness.]]>
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