<![CDATA[Beach volleyball is contested on deformable sand under variable outdoor conditions, creating movement and load demands that differ from indoor volleyball and may challenge the assumptions of athlete-monitoring technologies. This systematic review mapped technology-based monitoring systems used in beach volleyball and synthesised evidence on their validity, reliability, applications, limitations, and research gaps. The review followed PRISMA 2020 and searched Scopus using a structured Boolean strategy. Of 403 records identified, 54 full texts were assessed and 22 peer-reviewed studies published from 2014 to 2026 were included. Six monitoring modalities were identified: satellite/local positioning systems, wearable inertial measurement units, computer vision, machine-learning analytics, video-based mobile applications, and wearable eye-tracking. Validation evidence was heterogeneous and was reported only where individual studies evaluated measurement properties. In official competition, an inertial device achieved 96.29% overall jump-detection sensitivity, while another IMU study reported jump-count precision of 0.975 and recall of 0.836–1.000 depending on jump type. For the My Jump 2 application, reliability ranged from ICC 0.91–0.97 under controlled sand-box conditions but only ICC 0.447–0.594 in open-field sand conditions. Direct comparison of GNSS and ultra-wideband systems also showed significant differences across kinematic outputs, indicating that their values should not be treated as interchangeable. The evidence therefore supports descriptive profiling and role-specific load monitoring, but not yet universal thresholds, cross-device benchmarking, or injury prediction. Future research should prioritise multi-database evidence retrieval, independent multi-reviewer screening, sex- and action-stratified validation, prospective injury surveillance, and multimodal integration.]]>
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