<![CDATA[The rising flow of foreign investment in Indonesia has been followed by an increase in the number of foreign workers, including within the working area of Immigration Office Class II TPI Pematang Siantar, which covers plantation and manufacturing industrial zones as well as the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone. This growth has been accompanied by a corresponding rise in immigration violations, such as overstaying, misuse of residence permits, and working without a valid foreign manpower utilization plan (RPTKA). This article presents the conceptual framework and research design intended to examine the implementation of, and obstacles to, immigration supervision of foreign workers within the working area of Immigration Office Class II TPI Pematang Siantar. The study is designed using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach combined with a normative-empirical (socio-legal) approach, drawing primary data from semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation of immigration officials, the local Manpower Office, the Foreign Supervision Team (TIMPORA), and employers of foreign workers, alongside secondary data from statutory regulations and official documents. Data analysis is planned using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, with validity tested through source and technique triangulation. The analytical framework draws on supervision theory and Soerjono Soekanto's legal effectiveness theory to identify the factors of legal substance, law enforcement apparatus, facilities, society, and legal culture that shape the effectiveness of supervision. This article is expected to provide a conceptual foundation for subsequent field research and preliminary recommendations for strengthening immigration supervision of foreign workers in natural-resource-based industrial regions.]]>
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