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All Journal Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Sohirin Sohirin
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Social Sciences

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Peran Pengawasan Keimigrasian terhadap Orang Asing di Kawasan Geopark Berstatus Internasional: Kajian Konseptual atas Kaldera Toba sebagai UNESCO Global Geopark Ebenezer Samosir; Sohirin Sohirin; Koesmoyo Ponco Aji
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Agustus : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i4.1901

Abstract

The designation of Lake Toba Caldera as a UNESCO Global Geopark on 7 July 2020 has reshaped the profile of foreign visitors to the area, shifting it from ordinary tourism traffic toward internationally scaled visits involving researchers, delegations, journalists, and tourists from many countries. This shift calls for a reconsideration of how immigration supervision is designed in an area spanning seven regencies and involving multiple institutions at once. This article was developed through a literature study of immigration legislation, tourism policy documents, and prior scholarly work, with the aim of constructing a conceptual framework for analysing immigration supervision of foreign nationals in internationally designated geopark areas. The proposed framework combines Soerjono Soekanto's Legal Effectiveness Theory five factors: the law itself, law enforcers, facilities, society, and legal culture with Supervision Theory, which emphasises a cycle of standard-setting, performance measurement, and corrective action. The study suggests that the gap between das Sollen and das Sein in immigration supervision in geopark areas stems from the interaction between these five factors and three distinctive characteristics of internationally designated geoparks: cross-regency territorial breadth, inter-agency authority fragmentation, and international management standards. The article proposes three conceptual propositions for empirical testing in subsequent research, while also offering an analytical model that can be replicated in other geoparks or national strategic tourism areas in Indonesia.
Optimalisasi Pengawasan Keimigrasian terhadap Tenaga Kerja Asing di Wilayah Kerja Kantor Imigrasi Kelas II TPI Pematang Siantar Marthin Geoffrey Sirait; Sohirin Sohirin; Muhammad Arief Hamdi
Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Agustus : Konsensus : Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti Dan Pengajar Ilmu Sosial Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/konsensus.v3i4.1902

Abstract

The rising flow of foreign investment in Indonesia has been followed by an increase in the number of foreign workers, including within the working area of Immigration Office Class II TPI Pematang Siantar, which covers plantation and manufacturing industrial zones as well as the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone. This growth has been accompanied by a corresponding rise in immigration violations, such as overstaying, misuse of residence permits, and working without a valid foreign manpower utilization plan (RPTKA). This article presents the conceptual framework and research design intended to examine the implementation of, and obstacles to, immigration supervision of foreign workers within the working area of Immigration Office Class II TPI Pematang Siantar. The study is designed using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach combined with a normative-empirical (socio-legal) approach, drawing primary data from semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation of immigration officials, the local Manpower Office, the Foreign Supervision Team (TIMPORA), and employers of foreign workers, alongside secondary data from statutory regulations and official documents. Data analysis is planned using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, with validity tested through source and technique triangulation. The analytical framework draws on supervision theory and Soerjono Soekanto's legal effectiveness theory to identify the factors of legal substance, law enforcement apparatus, facilities, society, and legal culture that shape the effectiveness of supervision. This article is expected to provide a conceptual foundation for subsequent field research and preliminary recommendations for strengthening immigration supervision of foreign workers in natural-resource-based industrial regions.
Co-Authors Aji, Koesmoyo Ponco Ebenezer Samosir Marthin Geoffrey Sirait Muhammad Arief Hamdi