Proportionality in Satpol PP Enforcement Operations: A Normative Review of Restrictions on Citizens’ Rights

Harianto Harianto (Faculty of Law, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, Batam, 29425)
Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti (Faculty of Law, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, Batam, 29425)
Dwi Afni Maileni (Faculty of Law, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, Batam, 29425)
Indra Sakti (Faculty of Law, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, Batam, 29425)

Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology
Vol 7, No 1 (2026)

Public-order enforcement operations conducted by Indonesia’s Civil Service Police Unit-Satpol PP are an important instrument for enforcing Regional Regulations, yet their implementation frequently generates tension between public-order objectives and the protection of citizens’ rights. This study analyzes the legal limits of restrictions on citizens’ rights in Satpol PP enforcement operations through the principle of proportionality and formulates an operational normative review framework. The research adopts a doctrinal legal method using statutory, conceptual, case-based, and limited comparative approaches. The data consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed through doctrinal analysis and qualitative content analysis by means of a proportionality matrix covering legality, legitimate aim, suitability, necessity, balancing of impacts, and procedural safeguards and accountability. The findings show that the main problem in Satpol PP enforcement lies not merely in the absence of formal authority, but in the escalation of coercive measures without adequate justification and in weak procedural protection. The study’s novelty lies in proposing a stage-based proportionality review framework for Satpol PP enforcement operations that can be used to evaluate official action, strengthen standard operating procedures, and improve accountability in the enforcement of Regional Regulations from the perspectives of administrative law and the constitutional protection of citizens’ rights.