<![CDATA[Background: Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus associated with delayed wound healing and an increased risk of lower-limb amputation. The MUNGS (Maceration, Undermining, Necrotic tissue, Granulation tissue, and Signs/Symptoms of infection) instrument is widely used to assess wound conditions; however, evidence regarding the relationship between individual MUNGS components and wound healing outcomes remains limited. Objective: To analyse the relationship between patient characteristics, individual MUNGS component scores, and wound healing outcomes in patients with DFU. Methods: A quantitative observational study with a retrospective cross-sectional design was conducted among 47 patients with DFU treated at Kitamura Pancasila Clinic, West Kalimantan, between January and July 2025 using total sampling. Data were obtained from medical records and wound photographs. Data were analysed using univariate analysis, Spearman Rank and Fisher's Exact tests, and binary logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that the necrotic (p=0.006), granulation (p=0.010), and signs/symptoms (p=0.009) components were significantly associated with wound healing outcomes, whereas patient characteristics, maceration, and undermining were not (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified no significant independent predictor, although necrotic and granulation showed a tendency to be associated with wound healing. Conclusion: The necrotic, granulation, and signs/symptoms components were associated with wound healing outcomes in patients with DFU. Although no independent predictor was identified, the MUNGS instrument remains clinically valuable for evaluating wound healing progression.]]>
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