<![CDATA[Introduction: Optimizing plant density and nutrient availability is a crucial strategy for maximizing maize productivity. Planting spacing directly influences light interception and resource competition, while fertilizer selection determines nutrient uptake efficiency. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various planting spacing patterns and fertilizer types—as well as their interactions—on the vegetative growth and yield of maize. Methods: The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. The first factor was planting spacing (J1: 70 cm × 25 cm; J2: 50 cm × 25 cm). The second factor consisted of fertilizer types (P1: NPK fertilizer; P2: Urea fertilizer). Measured parameters included plant height, root length, number of leaves, and maize yield. Results: The interaction between planting spacing and fertilizer type significantly affected plant height, root length, and yield. The combination of 70 × 25 cm spacing with NPK fertilizer produced the highest plant height (222.86 cm) and yield (424.29 g), whereas the combination of 50 × 25 cm spacing with Urea resulted in the longest roots (20.29 cm). Conclusion: The combination of 70 × 25 cm planting spacing and NPK fertilizer produced the best results for plant height and maize yield, whereas the combination of 50 × 25 cm planting spacing and Urea fertilizer resulted in the longest roots]]>
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