<![CDATA[The development of crime in the mining sector shows an increasingly complex pattern along with the increasing exploitation of mineral and coal resources in Indonesia. Mining crimes are committed through various modus operandi, such as misuse of mining business permits, document falsification, the use of corporations as a means of crime, mining without permits, and money laundering from illegal mining. This phenomenon causes state losses, environmental damage, and demonstrates weak law enforcement in the mining sector. This study aims to analyze the modus operandi of mining crimes, examine the criminal liability of perpetrators, and formulate criminal law policies to address mining crimes in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal study with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using a prescriptive method. The results show that mining crimes develop systematically by exploiting regulatory gaps, weak supervision, and limited coordination among law enforcement officials. Furthermore, the regulation of corporate criminal liability in the mining sector is still suboptimal. Therefore, strengthening criminal law policies is necessary through regulatory reformulation, optimizing integrated law enforcement, and strengthening oversight of mining permits.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
