<![CDATA[Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in the 21st century faces existential challenges due to social, technological and cultural transformations occurring at an exponential rate, particularly in educating Generations Z and Alpha, who are digital natives. This study aims to develop a 21st-century PAI learning model through a systematic synthesis of three main approaches: experience-based approaches, local wisdom, and transformative pedagogy. The research method employed a literature review. The results indicate that the integration of these three approaches yields a holistic, contextual, and transformative PAI learning model. The experience-based approach provides a concrete medium for the internalisation of values through direct practice; local wisdom provides a sociocultural context that grounds universal Islamic values in local realities; and transformative pedagogy ensures that learning produces a profound and sustainable transformation of perspective through critical reflection and the reintegration of new perspectives. The 21st-century PAI learning model developed encompasses the integration of Project-Based Learning, Inquiry-Based Learning, the Flipped Classroom, and technology-based approaches, combined with the ‘niteni, niroke, nambahi’ strategies from Javanese local wisdom and Mezirow’s ten phases of transformative learning. The implementation of this model requires a paradigm shift for teachers from being knowledge transferors to becoming facilitators and designers of learning experiences, as well as a commitment from all stakeholders to realise Islamic Education that not only fosters cognitive development but also shapes character, spirituality and transformative social awareness.]]>
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