<![CDATA[The efficiency with conventional air cooling systems in controlling surplus heat has reached its limits due to the growing computing load in data centers. On a server with a 100% workload, this study compares the thermal performance and energy efficiency of air cooling and single-phase immersion cooling systems. An experimental test utilized Shell S3X dielectric fluid at a steady flow rate of 1.75 LPM to simultaneously cool an Intel Xeon E-2336 CPU and an Nvidia RTX A400 GPU. The findings demonstrate that immersion cooling significantly lowered operating temperatures by 17.50% for the GPU from 80.0 °C to 66.0 °C and by 35.53% for the CPU from 76.0 °C to 49.0 °C. This performance improvement is caused by a large increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient of up to 157.37% compared to conventional air cooling, which directly reduces the system's thermal resistance by up to 60.81%. In terms of energy efficiency, immersion cooling achieved a Power Usage Effectiveness score of 1.04, compared to 1.69 for the air system, and a Cooling Performance Index of 15.76.]]>
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