<![CDATA[The refusal of entry of foreign nationals constitutes a preventive immigration instrument that plays a strategic role in safeguarding the sovereignty, security, and public order of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the legal framework, implementation, obstacles, and solutions concerning the effectiveness of the policy on the refusal of entry of foreign nationals as an instrument for safeguarding state sovereignty at the Sea Immigration Checkpoint in Batam City, particularly at Batam Center International Port. This research employs an empirical legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and examination of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that, normatively, the refusal-of-entry policy has a legal foundation under Law Number 6 of 2011 on Immigration and Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 9 of 2024. However, its implementation remains not fully effective due to interpretive gaps concerning several grounds for refusal, particularly the clarity of the purpose of visit and the sufficiency of living expenses, which are not yet supported by uniform technical indicators and evidentiary parameters. Effectiveness is also affected by limited secondary inspection facilities, dependence on the reliability of immigration information systems and network connectivity, suboptimal integration of passenger manifest data, and the need to strengthen the competence and consistency of immigration officers. Therefore, regulatory and procedural improvements are required through measurable evidentiary indicators, strengthened infrastructure and immigration information systems, digitalization of refusal documentation, enhanced competence and integrity of immigration officers, and stronger inter-agency coordination. Ultimately, an effective refusal-of-entry policy must balance the facilitation of international mobility with firm law enforcement, thereby ensuring that state sovereignty is protected in an objective, accountable, and sustainable manner.]]>
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