<![CDATA[Slum settlement growth remains a persistent challenge in developing countries, particularly in Indonesian cities experiencing rapid urbanization. Previous studies have examined urbanization, unemployment, and poverty separately as determinants of slum development, yet limited evidence exists regarding their simultaneous influence in Eastern Indonesia. This study analyzes the effects of urbanization, open unemployment, and poverty on the extent of slum settlements in Makassar City during 2015–2024. The study used a quantitative approach with secondary time-series data and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that urbanization and open unemployment positively affect slum settlement growth, while poverty has a negative effect. These results suggest that slum development dynamics are shaped not only by demographic and labor market factors but also by government interventions that improve settlement conditions. Therefore, sustainable slum reduction requires integrated policies focusing on urbanization management, employment creation, poverty alleviation, and the provision of adequate housing and urban infrastructure.]]>
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