<![CDATA[Qitāl is a Qur’anic term that refers specifically to physical armed combat, every Qur’anic verse concerning qitāl is always accompanied by strict conditions and limitations. This study examines the concept of qitāl through a comparative analysis of two major works of Qur’anic exegesis: Tafsīr Al-Qur’an Al-‘Aẓīm by Ibn Kaṣīr and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilāl Al-Qur’an by Sayyid Quṭb. This research employs a qualitative library-based method with a comparative (muqāran) approach, supported by maqāṣid al-syarī’ah analysis following Ibn ‘Āsyūr’s framework. Three verses were analyzed: QS. Al-Baqarah [2]:190, QS. An-Nisā’ [4]:75, and QS. Al-Anfāl [8]:61. Ibn Kaṣīr interprets these verses through the bi al-Ma’ṣūr and Sayyid Quṭb interprets these verses bi al-Ra’yi, approach responding to the realities of war and oppression in the modern era. The findings show that both exegetes agree that war may only be waged in the way of Allah, that killing civilians is prohibited, that defending the oppressed is obligatory, and that offers of peace must be accepted. Affirming that the Qur’an does not sanction unlimited violence and that war in Islam is a last resort, tightly bounded, and directed solely toward upholding justice]]>
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