<![CDATA[Land registration is a fundamental instrument in the national agrarian legal system, intended to provide legal certainty and protection for land rights holders through the systematic collection, organisation, and maintenance of land data. This study examines legal issues in the administration of land affairs, particularly regarding the occurrence of duplicate certificates, which creates legal uncertainty for land rights holders. These issues relate to legal certainty, the responsibilities of the Land Office, and efforts to provide legal protection for aggrieved parties. This study employs an empirical legal method using a statutory approach and a case-based approach to examine the alignment between legal norms and on-the-ground practices. The findings indicate that the occurrence of duplicate certificates stems from weaknesses in the land administration process, such as suboptimal verification of physical and legal data, as well as overlapping ownership data. In practice, legal protection for rights holders has not yet fully provided certainty, so dispute resolution often depends on court rulings. Therefore, improvements to the quality of the land administration system and the strengthening of the Land Office’s responsibilities are required to prevent similar conflicts from arising in the future.]]>
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