Learning media are important components in instructional design that function as tools for delivering messages and information to students. Appropriate media selection can improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of the learning process. This article aims to describe the concept of learning media, the process of formulating media in instructional design, the principles of media selection, and their implementation in Islamic Religious Education. This study employed a library research method with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals, and academic documents related to instructional media and instructional design. The findings indicate that learning media should be formulated systematically through learner needs analysis, formulation of learning objectives, material organization, evaluation development, media scripting, and media testing and revision. In Islamic Religious Education, learning media help concretize abstract concepts, increase learning motivation, and support the achievement of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning outcomes.
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