<![CDATA[Indonesia is a country with exceptionally high biodiversity, yet it faces serious threats from human activities such as land use change, illegal logging, and mining activities, which trigger habitat fragmentation and threaten the genetic diversity of various species. This study aims to assess conservation strategies at the species and population levels, with particular attention to the Agarwood tree (Aquilaria malaccensis), as a strategic effort to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 15 (Terrestrial Biodiversity). A Systematic Literature Review was used to integrate relevant scientific evidence. The analysis shows that focused population management through a combination of in situ and ex situ conservation is crucial for the survival of endangered species. Furthermore, the implementation of agroforestry systems was found to be an effective strategy that integrates climate change mitigation (SDG 13), food security (SDG 2), and improving community well-being. Successful implementation of this strategy requires data-driven policy support, cross-sector collaboration, and recognition of indigenous peoples' rights to sustainable forest management]]>
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