<![CDATA[The high prevalence of diarrhea and increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics have driven the development of alternative therapies based on medicinal plants. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) are an ethnomedical plant widely used to treat diarrhea because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins that possess antibacterial activity. This study aims to analyze the pharmacological potential of guava leaves and to develop an innovative nanoencapsulation-based formulation as a natural therapy to inhibit bacteria causing diarrhea. The study employed an integrative review and library research approach, with literature searches conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus, DOAJ, SciSpace, Elicit, and Scite.ai covering the years 2015–2025. The results of the study indicate that guava leaf extract exhibits antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with an average inhibition zone of 12–18 mm. The use of nanoencapsulation technology is reported to enhance the stability, bioavailability, and antibacterial efficacy of the extract compared to conventional methods. It is concluded that the integration of ethnomedical knowledge with nanoencapsulation technology has the potential to produce innovative herbal formulations that are more effective as alternative therapies for the treatment of diarrhea.]]>
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