<![CDATA[The increase in industrial activity, trade, and population growth in Kudus Regency has driven a significant rise in waste generation, placing increasing pressure on the regional waste management system. This condition is exacerbated by the continued dominance of a linear economic model, resulting in most waste being disposed of at the Tanjungrejo Final Processing Site (TPA), which is currently experiencing overcapacity. This study aims to identify the characteristics of waste flows, analyze the potential application of Industrial Ecology principles, and develop an Integrated Waste Management (IWM) model based on Industrial Ecology to support the implementation of a Circular Economy in Kudus Regency. The research employs a qualitative case study approach using field observations, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and document analysis from local government and relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed using Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Stakeholder Analysis, and Industrial Symbiosis Analysis. The results indicate that Kudus Regency generates approximately 400 tons of waste per day, dominated by organic waste, plastics, and paper. The current system heavily depends on the TPA, receiving around 170–200 tons daily, leading to operational overload. Significant resource leakage occurs due to low recovery rates and weak waste utilization across sectors. Opportunities for industrial symbiosis were identified, including compost and biogas from organic waste, biomass energy from tobacco residue, and biochar from wood waste. The proposed IWM model integrates collection, sorting, recovery, recycling, and symbiosis within a Circular Economy framework, reducing landfill dependence and improving sustainability.]]>
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