A Two-Track Diplomacy Planning Model through Mediation in Resolving Indonesia and China's Border Conflict in the South China Sea

Pangiutan Pangiutan (Universitas Pertahanan)
Pujo Widodo (Universitas Pertahanan)
Abdul Rivai Ras (Universitas Pertahanan)

Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR)
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): February 2025

The maritime border conflict that occurred in the South China Sea was caused by China's unilateral claim, where China's claim was based on ten dash lines, which actually had no international legal basis. Meanwhile, ASEAN member countries including Indonesia apply and use the 1982 UNCLOS foundation. ASEAN member countries including Indonesia were disadvantaged by their territorial waters over China's ten dash-line claim. Based on qualitative description, this article describes certain phenomena. Library research is used to collect important data and information. To address this issue in the midst of epistemic conflict and declining public trust in fellow citizens, science and government, Second Track Diplomacy is recommended, which is an informal conversation facilitated by a neutral third party.