Journal of Educational Studies
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): October

AI-Gamified Interactive HOTS E-Book for Enhancing ESP Students’ Critical Thinking

Kurnia (Universitas Muhammadiyah Mamuju, Indonesia)
Abdul Wahab (Universitas Muhammadiyah Mamuju, Indonesia)
Jutamanee Kraikunasai (Sahavith School and Sahavith Business Administration Technological College, Suphan Buri, Thailand)
Pratiwi Samad (Universitas Pohuwato Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
06 Oct 2026

Abstract

Progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and digital learning technology has moved quickly, opening fresh possibilities for strengthening English language instruction, particularly within English for Specific Purposes (ESP) settings. Even so, a substantial number of ESP learners continue to struggle in building English proficiency and higher-order thinking abilities, largely because interactive learning resources remain limited and conventional teaching methods still dominate. This study set out to design and assess an AI-gamified interactive HOTS e-book intended to strengthen ESP students' critical thinking. A Research and Development (R&D) approach was adopted, guided by the Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluate (DDD-E) model. Participants consisted of ESP students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Mamuju. Data were gathered using expert validation sheets, student practicality questionnaires, and effectiveness tests. Findings showed that the developed AI-gamified interactive HOTS e-book fell into the very valid category based on expert assessment, with an overall mean score of 3.85. Student responses pointed to a highly practical product, averaging 3.69. The effectiveness test further revealed a marked gain in students' learning outcomes, with mean scores rising from 58.67 at pre-test to 87.53 at post-test and an N-gain score of 0.717, placed in the high-improvement category. The study concludes that the AI-gamified interactive HOTS e-book stands as a valid, practical, and effective digital learning medium for advancing ESP students' critical thinking and their English learning progress.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JEs

Publisher

Subject

Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

Description

Journal of Educational Studies Journal constitutes a triannual publication which publishes scholarly journals every April, August, and December in a year. It particularly publishes research articles examining issues related to the field of Education, Sciences, Social, Early Childhood Education, ...