<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity and operational efficiency on profitability in conventional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. This research employed a quantitative approach with an associative research design. The population consisted of all conventional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, with a sample of 10 banks selected using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, including classification as BUKU 4 banks, availability of complete financial reports, and no recorded losses during the observation period. The study utilized secondary data obtained from annual financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using panel data regression with the assistance of EViews version 13. Model selection was conducted through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test. The results indicate that liquidity, measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), has a positive and significant effect on profitability measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Meanwhile, operational efficiency measured by Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) has a negative and significant effect on profitability. These findings indicate that effective liquidity management and improved operational efficiency are important factors in enhancing the profitability performance of conventional commercial banks.]]>
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