<![CDATA[This study aimed to assess morphological similarity patterns and compare the diversity of diurnal Lepidoptera across four transects with different levels of habitat disturbance in the secondary forest of Bukit Klangon. The main concern in this area is increasing anthropogenic pressure resulting from tourism activities and land conversion, which may reduce the availability of host plants for Lepidoptera. Data collection was conducted from February to March 2026 using purposive sampling along four transects, each measuring 150–300 m in length. Specimens were collected using insect nets, identified based on morphological characteristics, and analyzed using the Sorensen Similarity Index and UPGMA cluster analysis implemented in the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP). The study recorded 13 diurnal Lepidoptera species belonging to five families: Nymphalidae (7 species), Pieridae (2 species), Geometridae (2 species), Erebidae (1 species), and Papilionidae (1 species). Species diversity and composition varied among transects, corresponding to differences in habitat disturbance levels at each sampling location. The highest morphological similarity (98%) was observed between Ypthima huebneri and Ypthima philomela, whereas the lowest similarity (42%) occurred between Ypthima huebneri and Nyctemera adversata. Cluster analysis based on morphological characters effectively illustrated the degree of morphological similarity among diurnal Lepidoptera species in the secondary forest ecosystem. These findings provide baseline information for future studies investigating Lepidoptera community responses to habitat dynamics in Bukit Klangon.]]>
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