<![CDATA[This study evaluates the morphological, physical, and chemical characteristics of Inceptisols and their implications for Robusta coffee productivity in smallholder plantations in Karangploso District, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The research was conducted from January to April 2025 using a soil survey approach, where composite soil samples were collected from five representative plantation sites within 10 m × 10 m plots at depths of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm. Soil properties were assessed through field observations and laboratory analyses, complemented by measurements of tree morphology and yield components from five coffee plants per plot. The results reveal that the soils are classified as Inceptisols with considerable spatial variability, characterized by slopes ranging from 8% to 35%, predominantly clay to clay loam textures, and highly stable soil aggregates. Soil chemical properties indicate slightly acidic to acidic pH conditions, high to very high cation exchange capacity (CEC), and moderate to high base saturation. Regression analysis demonstrates that CEC, base saturation, and sand fraction significantly influence coffee productivity, while excessive clay content acts as a key limiting factor by restricting aeration and root development. These findings highlight the critical role of soil physicochemical properties in determining coffee yield performance and provide a scientific basis for site-specific soil management. The application of conservation tillage, organic amendments (compost and manure), and soil structure improvement strategies is therefore recommended to enhance soil quality and sustain coffee production in smallholder systems.]]>
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