CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi
Vol 11, No 2 (2026): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI

Packing Chromatic Number of Graph Families Constructed from the Fan Graph

Raventino Raventino (Universitas Tanjungpura)
Fransiskus Fran (Universitas Tanjungpura)
Yudhi Yudhi (Universitas Tanjungpura)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Nov 2026

Abstract

Packing coloring is particularly sensitive to graph distances, since even a simple structural modification may change whether a color can be reused. This paper investigates the packing chromatic number of several constructions derived from the fan graph, namely the subdivision fan S(Fn), the umbrella graph Ur,s, two barbell-type fan constructions, and the generalized q-fan chain CFm(q) formed by sequentially joining the centers of q copies of Fm. The known packing chromatic number of the ordinary fan is used only as a reference result. By combining explicit packing colorings with lower bound arguments based on independence numbers, graph diameters, color class capacities, and cross-component distances, we prove that (S(Fn)) = 4 for n 2 and determine the exact packing chromatic numbers of the umbrella and both barbell-type constructions. For CFm(q), we establish general lower and upper bounds for all m, q 2 by showing that a color 2 can occur on at most q/( 1) vertices. Moreover, when m 2q 2, the bounds coincide and yield (CFm(q)) = q(m/2 + 2) t=1q1q/t. These results show that the packing chromatic behavior of fan-derived graphs is governed by the distance structure created by the underlying graph operation, particularly the extent to which low colors can be reused across different fan copies.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

Math

Publisher

Subject

Mathematics

Description

Jurnal CAUCHY secara berkala terbit dua (2) kali dalam setahun. Redaksi menerima tulisan ilmiah hasil penelitian, kajian kepustakaan, analisis dan pemecahan permasalahan di bidang Matematika (Aljabar, Analisis, Statistika, Komputasi, dan Terapan). Naskah yang diterima akan dikilas (review) oleh ...