<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the characteristics of difficulties in recognizing letters and the internal factors influencing them among first-grade students at SDN Kalijaya 02. The study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. The research subjects consisted of eight first-grade students, while the class teacher served as a supporting informant. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that most students are able to recognize vowels and consonants, articulate letter sounds, and read syllables, words, and simple sentences. However, some students still struggle to distinguish between letters with similar shapes such as b-d, p-q, and m-n as well as with letter retention, associating symbols with sounds, and reading syllables and words fluently. Internal factors include learning motivation, limitations in visual and auditory memory, cognitive development, phonological skills, concentration, and self-confidence. Instruction needs to be conducted in a manner that is concrete, visual, gradual, and repetitive, tailored to the students' needs]]>
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