Design of an IoT-Based Fish Pond Water Quality Monitoring System Using Android Technology

Khairul Amri Annazri (Fakultas Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara)
Farid Akbar Siregar (Fakultas Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara)

Madani: Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal
Vol 4, No 9 (2026): October 2026

Water quality is one of the important factors in the success of freshwater fish farming because it affects the environmental conditions and health of fish. Manual monitoring of water turbidity has limitations because changes in water conditions cannot always be detected quickly and objectively. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)- and Android-based fish pond water quality monitoring system with water turbidity as the main parameter. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with a technical experimental approach. The system was developed using a turbidity sensor connected to an ESP32 microcontroller. The collected data were transmitted to Firebase Realtime Database and displayed through the AquaWatch IoT Android application. The system also implements water condition classification and an Early Warning System using Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM). Testing on 10 samples showed that the system was able to classify water conditions into three categories: Clear at ADC values ≥2600, Turbid at 2150–2599, and Dirty at ADC values