<![CDATA[Waste management in urban areas poses a major challenge for city and regency governments due to population growth, increased economic activity, and changes in public consumption patterns. This study aims to analyze differences in the effectiveness of waste management governance between city and regency governments by reviewing various literature on the implementation of collaborative governance, the 3R principles, the effectiveness of waste banks, the use of technologies such as spatial data and digitization, and emission reduction strategies through modern waste processing. The findings indicate that city governments tend to be more innovative and responsive in developing waste management systems due to social pressure and higher public service demands, enabling them to adopt approaches based on community participation, information technology, and data-driven planning. Meanwhile, regency governments still face challenges in funding, institutional coordination, and infrastructure limitations; consequently, their waste management systems tend to rely on landfills and are not yet fully sustainability-oriented. This study concludes that successful waste management requires policy consistency, multistakeholder synergy, community capacity building, and the use of technology to support the planning and operations of waste management systems]]>
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