Bridging the Gap Between Hospitality Education and Workplace Communication: A Mixed-Methods Needs Analysis for English for Food and Beverage Service in Bali

I Wayan Suadnyana (Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional)
Dika Pranadwipa Koeswiryono (Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional)

Educational Journal of Learning Technology
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Educational Journal of Learning Technology (September 2026)

This study examines English communication needs in the Food and Beverage (F&B) hospitality sector in Bali, Indonesia. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, data were gathered from 80 students, three ESP lecturers, and five industry supervisors through a Likert-scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and workplace observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results show complaint handling, cross-cultural interaction, and menu recommendation as top priorities. However, students report the lowest competence and highest anxiety in these areas, with the largest competence-expectation gaps occurring here. The study concludes that ESP curricula must shift toward task-based instruction emphasizing pragmatic and intercultural competence.