<![CDATA[Background: The expansion of development based on natural resource exploitation in Central Kalimantan, particularly through oil palm plantations, industrial timber plantations, and mining, has driven the commodification of land, labor, and natural resources, giving rise to various environmental and social conflicts. Objective: This study aims to analyze the market movement and counter-movement developed by WALHI Central Kalimantan, Save Our Borneo (SOB), and the Indigenous Peoples' Alliance of the Archipelago (AMAN) Central Kalimantan in response to the expansion of extractive capitalism, using Karl Polanyi's double movement framework. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach with a comparative case study design; data were collected through semi-structured interviews and supporting documents, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. Results: The findings show that the three organizations developed different yet complementary strategies: WALHI emphasizes legal advocacy and recognition of customary forests, SOB strengthens knowledge production and public campaigns, while AMAN focuses on the recognition and mapping of customary territories. Conclusion: These three movements demonstrate a transformation of the counter-movement from mere protective defense toward a more democratic environmental justice movement, emphasizing the recognition of indigenous peoples' rights, strengthening participation, and building cross-civil society organization networks in the equitable management of natural resources.]]>
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