<![CDATA[Migrant workers have fundamental rights to a safe working environment, fair treatment, and protection from exploitation and discrimination, as stipulated in Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers and various international legal instruments. However, in practice, violations of migrant workers' rights still often occur, including the lack of occupational safety standards, unilateral wage deductions, late salary payments, and discrimination based on race, gender, and immigration status. Weak supervision and law enforcement in both countries of origin and destination leave migrant workers vulnerable to inadequate working conditions. The employment contract as a binding legal instrument between employers and workers should be the basis for protection for migrant workers, but its implementation is often ineffective due to the imbalance of power between workers and employers. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of strengthening the supervision mechanism for employment contracts, increasing access to legal aid, and cooperating between sending and receiving countries to ensure the effective implementation of migrant worker protection standards. Efforts such as improving the complaint system, education on workers' rights, and increasing bilateral and multilateral cooperation need to be continuously carried out to ensure that migrant workers can work in safe, fair, and dignified conditions.]]>
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